Client Alerts
Last fall, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) gave project developers a valuable thing in Clean Air Act permitting: a usable …
May 14, 2026
May 14, 2026 • 6-minute read
Senior Associate
Environmental & Natural Resources
“For the projects powering America’s AI buildout, the air permit is often the critical path. I help clients find the fastest defensible route through the Clean Air Act — and defend it when it’s challenged.”
Grant is a Clean Air Act lawyer who helps clients build, operate, and defend the facilities that power the economy — from gas-fired generation for hyperscale and AI data centers to power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, terminals, and oil and gas fields. His practice spans the full life cycle of air quality law: permitting, enforcement defense, litigation, rulemaking, compliance counseling, and the air quality aspects of transactions.
A large and growing share of Grant’s practice supports developers, power providers, and investors racing to bring on-site generation online for AI data centers. He advises on preconstruction permitting (PSD/NSR), temporary and portable turbines and engines, source aggregation, phased construction, and what work can begin before a permit issues. He works hand-in-hand with engineers and modelers to shape project design around permitting realities, and he defends permits against challenge.
Grant also represents clients in Clean Air Act enforcement matters brought by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), and state agencies under the PSD/NSR, Title V, NSPS, NESHAP, and mobile source programs. He responds to Section 114 and Section 208 information requests, builds technical and legal defenses, and negotiates and implements consent decrees.
Grant’s perspective is shaped by three years as a member of the court-appointed monitorship overseeing Volkswagen’s compliance with the settlements resolving the $33 billion Dieselgate scandal. That role took him to Volkswagen facilities around the world and gave him deep experience with U.S. and EU vehicle emissions certification, environmental management systems, and corporate governance. He began his career in government service as a law clerk in EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance and as a clerk at the White House Council on Environmental Quality.
Advises Fermi America on air permitting for its 17-gigawatt Project Matador hyperscale data center campus in Texas — one of the largest in the country — including how campus configuration, generating equipment, and behind-the-meter and export assumptions drive permitting requirements, and represents Fermi in the contested case hearing and appeal of its air permits
Supports a leading artificial intelligence company in obtaining and defending a PSD permit for more than a gigawatt of gas-fired generation, including drafting briefing on air-quality modeling and BACT
Serves as day-to-day outside environmental counsel to the operator of Puerto Rico’s power generation fleet, including negotiating consent decrees with EPA and DOJ and leading EPA-administered PSD permitting for new gas-fired turbines and fuel conversion projects
Represented an upstream producer in negotiating a consent decree with EPA and New Mexico resolving alleged Clean Air Act violations at more than 100 oil and gas production facilities in New Mexico and Texas
Represented a petrochemical manufacturer in Clean Air Act NSR enforcement resolved by an EPA consent decree, and in a subsequent international arbitration against the business’s former owner that yielded a settlement of approximately $80 million on indemnity claims for consent decree costs
Advised a major energy infrastructure company on environmental permitting strategy for a multi-gigawatt natural gas-fired power generation project in Wyoming intended to support AI data center development
Advises AI developers on how ownership, governance, and contractual rights affect source aggregation, common control, and air-permitting risk
Counseled an AI company on air permitting for gas-fired turbines at a former steam-electric generating site, including replacement-facility status, phased construction, and major NSR applicability, and on a portable-source strategy addressing interstate portability, Title V, and minor NSR
Represents independent oil and gas producers in EPA Clean Air Act enforcement matters involving upstream operations in the Permian Basin
Represented a petrochemical manufacturer in a DOJ Clean Air Act enforcement action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, briefing a motion to dismiss grounded in the Title V permit shield, the bar on collateral attacks on permits, and the fair notice doctrine
Represents a marine terminal facility in multiple environmental enforcement matters with DOJ and EPA and in connection with power generation project permitting
Represented a heating and ventilation equipment manufacturer in a U.S. Department of Energy enforcement matter
Represented a housing developer in challenging permit conditions in state court and administrative proceedings
Counsels clients on compliance with NSPS and NESHAP standards, including EPA’s OOOOb/OOOOc methane rules for the oil and gas sector and requirements for engines and combustion turbines
Advises a metals producer on air-quality requirements for smelting operations, including air-dispersion modeling issues before EPA
Drafted comments on major EPA proposals, including oil and gas methane rules, the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards, and EPA’s National Compliance Initiatives
Served three years as a member of the court-appointed monitorship overseeing Volkswagen’s compliance with the civil and criminal settlements resolving the $33 billion Dieselgate scandal
Represented on-road and nonroad equipment manufacturers in EPA and California Air Resources Board (CARB) matters involving vehicle and engine certification, alleged defeat devices, on-board diagnostics, and greenhouse gas compliance
Counseled an automaker on disclosure of auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) under EPA’s Audit Policy
Conducts environmental due diligence and drafts and negotiates environmental representations, covenants, indemnities, and disclosures for M&A, project finance, and capital markets transactions involving energy, infrastructure, and industrial assets
Advised Flogistix Holdings, a White Deer Energy portfolio company, on environmental matters in its combination with Estis Compression and Flowco Production Solutions to form Flowco, a production optimization and artificial lift solutions provider
Advised Global Infrastructure Partners on environmental matters in its acquisition from TC Energy of a 40% interest in the Columbia Gas Transmission and Columbia Gulf Transmission pipeline systems, a $5.2 billion transaction
Advised Beard Energy Transition Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company, on environmental matters in its business combination with Suntuity Renewables
Education
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Client Alerts
Last fall, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) gave project developers a valuable thing in Clean Air Act permitting: a usable …
May 14, 2026
May 14, 2026 • 6-minute read
Client Alerts
EPA Draws the Line: What Can You Build Before Getting an Air Permit?
What can project developers actually build before securing an air permit?
September 18, 2025 • V&E Environmental Update
September 18, 2025 • 4-minute read
Client Alerts
On June 17, 2025 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) published a proposed rule to repeal the amendments to the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (“MATS”) adopted by the Biden administration in 2024.
June 17, 2025 • V&E Energy Update
June 17, 2025 • 5-minute read
Client Alerts
Power Move: EPA Proposes GHG Rules Repeal
On June 17, 2025, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) published a proposed rule that, if finalized, would repeal all greenhouse gas (“GHG”) standards for the power sector.
June 17, 2025 • V&E Energy Update
June 17, 2025 • 8-minute read
Client Alerts
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a final rule (the “Rule”) that substantially expands its Risk Management Program (“RMP”) regulations aimed at preventing chemical accidents.
May 3, 2024 • V&E Environmental Update
May 3, 2024 • 7-minute read
Awards & Rankings
The Best Lawyers in America (BL Rankings, LLC) has named 125 Vinson & Elkins lawyers in its “Best Lawyers” category in the 2026 edition. Additionally, 76 Vinson & Elkins attorneys have been named in the “Ones to Watch” category, which recognizes lawyers with 5–10 years’ experience. Some individuals are listed in more than one practice area, giving the firm a total of 305 rankings.
August 21, 2025
August 21, 2025 • 3-minute read
Deals & Cases
Vinson & Elkins represented Flogistix Holdings, LLC (“Flogistix”), a White Deer Energy portfolio company, in the negotiation and execution of a combination agreement pursuant to which Flogistix and GEC Estis Holdings LLC (“Estis”) and Flowco Production Solutions, L.L.C. (“Flowco Production”), each a portfolio company of Global Energy Capital, agreed to integrate their production optimization and related oilfield services business lines under Flowco MergeCo LLC, a newly formed Delaware limited liability company (“Flowco”).
June 21, 2024
June 21, 2024 • 1-minute read
Deals & Cases
Vinson & Elkins advised Global Infrastructure Partners in the execution of a definitive agreement with TC Energy to acquire a 40 percent interest in its Columbia Gas Transmission, LLC (Columbia Gas) and Columbia Gulf Transmission, LLC (Columbia Gulf) systems, in a new joint venture, with total proceeds expected to be US $3.9 billion in cash, to be paid at closing, subject to certain customary adjustments.
July 24, 2023
July 24, 2023 • 1-minute read
Deals & Cases
Vinson & Elkins advised Beard Energy Transition Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company, in connection with its entry into a definitive agreement with Suntuity Renewables LLC, a leading provider of renewable energy solutions, for a business combination that would result in the combined company becoming publicly traded.
May 19, 2023
May 19, 2023 • 1-minute read
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